Extraversion Trait

Extraversion measures the degree and intensity of one’s engagement with others.

People high in Extraversion enjoy being around others; they are energetic and often experience positive emotions. They tend to be enthusiastic and action-oriented, likely to shout “Yes!” or “Let’s go!” when presented with exciting opportunities. In group settings, they like to speak up, assert their opinions, and draw attention to themselves.

Extraversion is characterized by pronounced interaction with the external world.

Introverts lack the enthusiasm, energy, and activity levels of extraverts. They tend toward quietness, calm, deliberation, and withdrawal from social environments. Low social engagement should not be mistaken for shyness or depression; introverts simply require less stimulation than extraverts and prefer solitude. Their independence and reserve are often misunderstood as aloofness or arrogance, whereas an introvert scoring high on the extraversion dimension will not seek out others but will be friendly when approached.

Friendliness

Friendly individuals genuinely like others and openly display positive feelings toward them. They form friendships quickly and find it easy to build close, connected relationships. Those low in friendliness are not necessarily cold or hostile, but they do not initiate social contact and may appear reserved or distant.

Gregariousness

People high in gregariousness derive great enjoyment from the company of others, finding their presence stimulating and rewarding. They love to energize gatherings and feel invigorated by the hustle and bustle of crowded places. Conversely, those low on this facet feel drained by large groups and prefer to avoid them, valuing privacy and alone time over social interaction.

Assertiveness

Individuals high in assertiveness enjoy expressing their opinions, taking charge, and directing group activities. They often emerge as leaders in social settings. Those low in assertiveness speak less and let others lead group dynamics.

Activity

Active people lead fast-paced, eventful lives; they move quickly, energetically, and participate in many activities. In contrast, those low in activity follow a slower, more relaxed pace.

Excitement-Seeking

Those scoring high on excitement-seeking become easily bored without high levels of stimulation. They crave bright lights, noise, and action, and may take risks in search of thrills. By comparison, individuals low in this facet feel overwhelmed by commotion and tend to avoid excitement-seeking.

Cheerfulness

This facet measures positive mood and joyful emotions, excluding negative feelings (which are part of the Neuroticism domain). People high in cheerfulness frequently experience a wide range of positive emotions—happiness, enthusiasm, optimism, and joy. Those low in cheerfulness are less prone to such vibrant spirits and zest.